ALEXANDER MOODY
v.
UNITED STATES.

Appeal from the United States Court for the Western District of the Indian Territory; Wm. R. Lawrence, Judge.

Alexander Moody was convicted of robbery, and appeals. Affirmed.

Syllabus

¶0 1. APPEAL--Sufficiency of Evidence. Where a defendant has been properly indicted and fairly tried and convicted, this court will not reverse the conviction, upon the ground that the evidence does not sustain the verdict, if there is in the record any evidence from which the jury could legitimately draw the conclusion that the defendant was guilty.

2. ROBBERY--Evidence. For facts sustaining a conviction of robbery, see opinion.

3. APPEAL--Presumption. Every presumption must be indulged in favor of the regularity of proceedings in courts of record.

W. F. Schuermeyer, for appellant.

W. C. Reeves, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the United States.

FURMAN, PRESIDING JUDGE.

¶1 Only one question is submitted to this court in the brief of counsel for the defendant, and is stated in the brief as follows:

"This case is presented to this court for consideration on the question of sufficiency of evidence to sustain the indictment and for variance. All the assignments of error may properly be considered together. The indictment is for robbery. The property taken is described as follows: 'The following money of the paper currency of the United States of America, to wit, two treasury notes, two national bank notes, two gold certificates, two silver certificates, of the denomination and value of $ 10 each; two treasury notes, two national bank notes, two gold certificates, two silver certificates, of the denomination and value of $ 5 each.'"

¶2 The statement in the brief of the descriptive part of the indictment is defective, in that it omits the following allegations, which is contained in the indictment:

"A more particular description of all of said money being to the grand jurors unknown."

¶3 This case appears to have been very carelessly tried by counsel on both sides. The entire testimony in the record is as follows:

"Whereupon to sustain the issues on its behalf the plaintiff introduced the following evidence: Sam Drew, called as a witness on the part of the plaintiff, being first duly sworn, testifies as follows: 'My name is Sam Drew. I live at Tallehasse, Ind. T. On July 18, 1905, Henry Nelson, Sandy Wilkerson, and the defendant, Alex Moody, stopped me behind a little restaurant at Porter, Ind. T., and tried to get me to buy and drink some Peruna with them. Henry Nelson grabbed my pocketbook out of my pocket, while the other two were holding me. Sandy Wilkerson and Alex Moody had hold of my arms. There was a $ 20 bill in my pocket. I never got my money back.' Solomon Jackson, called as a witness on the part of the plaintiff, being first duly sworn, testifies as follows: 'My name is Solomon Jackson, I live at Tallehasse, Ind. T. I am a brother-in-law of Sam Drew. I was in Porter, Ind. T., on the 18th day of July, 1905. I was present at the restaurant with Henry Nelson, Sandy Wilkerson, Alex Moody, and Sam Drew just before this trouble took place, and went off to get some change. When I came back, Sam Drew told me he had lost his money, and he pointed to Alex Moody, Sandy Wilkerson, and Henry Nelson as the ones who took his money, and told me that they took his money.'"

¶4 It appears that the defendant's counsel did not cross-examine the witnesses for the government, and offered no testimony for the defendant. The jury having found the defendant guilty, it is our duty to determine as to whether or not there is any evidence in the record which supports the verdict.

¶5 The contention of counsel for the defendant is that the testimony of Sam Drew that there was a $ 20 bill in his pocket and that he never got his money back does not support the charge made. Counsel state their position in their brief as follows:

"We contend, first, that the evidence must sustain the allegation that money of the paper currency of the United States of America was taken. The only evidence going to the description of the money taken is where Sam Drew states 'there was a $ 20 bill in my pocket.'"

¶6 We cannot agree with this statement. The witness Drew said: "I never got my money back." The witness Jackson testified: "When I came back, Sam Drew told me he had lost his money, and he pointed to Alex Moody, Sandy Wilkerson, and Henry Nelson as the ones who took his money."

¶7 But it may be said that this was hearsay, and was therefore not competent evidence. No such objection was made to the admission of this evidence in the trial court; neither is such an objection made in this court. Having allowed this testimony to go to the jury without objection, defendant cannot be permitted to escape its force now. Even if it had been objected to at the trial, we think that it was admissible as a part of the res gestae. It was made at the place of the robbery and within a few moments thereafter and appears to have been a spontaneous declaration, springing out of and throwing light upon the main transaction. So it is clear that the witnesses were testifying with reference to the loss of a $ 20 paper bill which constituted money. This was admissible under the general descriptive allegation, contained in the indictment, which was omitted in the statement made in the brief of counsel for the defendant. The indictment did specifically describe some money charged to have been taken, and then contained the further general allegation referred to.

¶8 It is clear that at the trial it was understood by all parties that the witnesses were testifying to the loss of money. Counsel for the defendant tacitly admitted this fact by failing to cross-examine the witnesses. We know that some courts have gone to an absurd extreme upon the question of descriptive averments in indictments and the necessity of proving such averments with the nicest particularity. Many of these decisions appear to our minds as attaining the folly of reason. We will not discuss this matter in detail now, as it is not necessary to do so, in the light of the plain meaning of the evidence in this case. It would have been better for the prosecuting attorney to have identified the $ 20 bill more fully, and we do not desire to be understood as indorsing such carelessness on his part; but at the same time we believe that there was enough evidence before the jury to warrant them in believing that the bill referred to was a $ 20 bill of United States currency, and, as this is the only question raised, we cannot sustain the contention of the defendant.

¶9 The indictment is in the language of the statute, and contains all other necessary allegations. The judgment of the court is regular. The record does not contain the charge of the court. We are therefore warranted in believing that the rights of the defendant were fully protected, and that the jury was properly instructed as to all legal questions involved. Before a defendant is tried, all of the presumptions of law and fact are favorable to him. But when he has been properly indicted and fairly tried, and the testimony is susceptible of a construction which will sustain a verdict of conviction, it is our duty to sustain the verdict, unless something appears in the record which shows that the defendant has been deprived of a substantial right. In other words, every presumption must be indulged in favor of all proceedings in courts of record, and unless it appears that the defendant was deprived of some substantial right, or some jurisdictional error appears upon the face of the record, this court will not disturb a verdict of guilty, upon the mere possibility that error may have occurred.

Affirmed.

DOYLE and OWEN, JUDGES, concur.